<\/p>\n
\n\tN\u00fckleer anla\u015fman\u0131n Avrupal\u0131 taraflar\u0131 \u0130ngiltere, Fransa<\/a> ve Almanya\u2019dan (E3) olu\u015fan \u00fclkeler, mekanizmay\u0131 28 A\u011fustos\u2019ta tetikledi ve 30 g\u00fcnl\u00fck rutin prosed\u00fcr\u00fcn sonunda yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc.<\/p>\n
\n\tABD<\/a> D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Marco Rubio, Tahran’\u0131 “iyi niyetle yap\u0131lacak do\u011frudan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri kabul etmeye” \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n
\n\tRubio, BM \u00fcyesi \u00fclkeleri, “\u0130ran liderlerine, kendi \u00fclkeleri ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fi i\u00e7in en iyi olan\u0131 yapmalar\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde bask\u0131 yapmak amac\u0131yla” yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 “derhal” uygulamaya \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n
\n\t\u0130ngiltere, Fransa ve Almanya<\/a> d\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri bakanlar\u0131 ortak bir a\u00e7\u0131klamada, “\u0130ran’\u0131n asla n\u00fckleer silaha sahip olmamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak yeni bir diplomatik \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm” aray\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcreceklerini s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n
\n\tAyr\u0131ca Tahran’a “herhangi bir durumu t\u0131rmand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 eylemden ka\u00e7\u0131nmas\u0131” \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131nda bulunuldu.<\/p>\n
\n\tBu geli\u015fmelerle, 2015’teki n\u00fckleer anla\u015fma olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan Kapsaml\u0131 Ortak Eylem Plan\u0131 (KOEP) kapsam\u0131nda kald\u0131r\u0131lan \u0130ran\u2019a y\u00f6nelik BM yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 otomatik olarak yeniden y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girerken bu zamana kadar ABD ve Avrupa’n\u0131n tek tarafl\u0131 yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 art\u0131k BM \u00fcyesi t\u00fcm \u00fclkeleri ilgilendiren uluslararas\u0131 yapt\u0131r\u0131mlara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n
\n\tBMGK oylamalar\u0131nda engellenemeyen s\u00fcre\u00e7<\/h2>\n
\n\tBMGK\u2019da G\u00fcney Kore\u2019nin ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda sunulan ve yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n hafifletilmesini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmeyi \u00f6ng\u00f6ren tasar\u0131, 19 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019de 4 lehte (Rusya, \u00c7in, Cezayir, Pakistan), 9 aleyhte ve 2 \u00e7ekimser oyla reddedildi.<\/p>\n
\n\tDaha sonra \u00c7in<\/a> ve Rusya\u2019n\u0131n 26 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019de \u00f6nerdi\u011fi, yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n 6 ay ertelenmesini isteyen tasar\u0131 da 4 lehte, 9 aleyhte ve 2 \u00e7ekimser oyla kabul edilmedi.<\/p>\n
\n\tABD’nin \u00e7ekilmesinden sonra n\u00fckleer anla\u015fma uygulanamad\u0131, Avrupa \u0130ran’a verdi\u011fi s\u00f6zleri tutamad\u0131<\/h2>\n
\n\tABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Donald Trump, 2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda, ilk ba\u015fkanl\u0131k d\u00f6neminde \u00fclkesini tek tarafl\u0131 olarak anla\u015fmadan \u00e7ekti ve ard\u0131ndan \u0130ran\u2019a y\u00f6nelik a\u011f\u0131r ekonomik yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 yeniden y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe koydu. Avrupa \u00fclkeleri, ABD\u2019nin karar\u0131n\u0131 desteklemediklerini a\u00e7\u0131klasalar da bu yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n etkisini ortadan kald\u0131racak ad\u0131mlar atmad\u0131.<\/p>\n
\n\tBunun ard\u0131ndan \u0130ran, bir y\u0131l sonra anla\u015fmadaki taahh\u00fctlerini a\u015famal\u0131 olarak durdurmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. 2020 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren y\u00fcksek d\u00fczeyli uranyum zenginle\u015ftiren Tahran y\u00f6netimi, zenginle\u015ftirme oran\u0131n\u0131 anla\u015fmada belirlenen y\u00fczde 3,67\u2019den y\u00fczde 60\u2019a kadar \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131.<\/p>\n
\n\tTahran bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te ilgili yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde n\u00fckleer faaliyetlerini yeniden anla\u015fmayla uyumlu hale getirece\u011fini s\u0131k s\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Bir\u00e7ok kez hem \u0130ran-ABD hem de \u0130ran-Avrupa aras\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler yap\u0131ld\u0131. En ciddi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler \u0130srail’in sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131ndan \u00f6nce Tahran-Washington aras\u0131nda yap\u0131l\u0131yordu ancak \u0130srail’in \u0130ran’a sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 m\u00fczakere s\u00fcrecini ortadan kald\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n
\n\tE3 \u00fclkeleri ise \u201csnapback\u2019in son \u00e7are oldu\u011funu\u201d belirterek, \u0130ran\u2019\u0131 2015 anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n \u201cneredeyse tamam\u0131n\u0131\u201d ihlal etmekle su\u00e7lad\u0131 ve y\u00fcksek zenginle\u015ftirilmi\u015f uranyum stoklar\u0131n\u0131 \u201csivil gerek\u00e7e olmadan\u201d tuttu\u011funu \u00f6ne s\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n
\n\tYine de “diplomasinin sonu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131” ifade ederek, Tahran\u2019\u0131 m\u00fczakerelere \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131lar. \u0130ran<\/a> ise yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n geri getirilmesinin Avrupa’n\u0131n \u0130ran’\u0131n n\u00fckleer meselesindeki konumunu ortadan kald\u0131raca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtiyor.<\/p>\n
\n\t\u0130ran, mekanizman\u0131n i\u015fletilmesine dair Avrupa \u00fclkelerinin hukuki dayana\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunuyor. Tahran, ABD\u2019nin 2018\u2019de anla\u015fmadan \u00e7ekilmesinin ard\u0131ndan Avrupa \u00fclkelerinin y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerini yerine getirmedi\u011fini ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla anla\u015fmadaki \u201ckat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131\u201d stat\u00fclerini kaybettikleri tezini dile getiriyor. Bu ba\u011flamda, Avrupa \u00fclkelerinin BMGK\u2019da bu s\u00fcreci ba\u015flatma konusunda hem hukuki hem de etik yetkiye sahip olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade ediyor. Buna ra\u011fmen yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n geri getirilmesinin Avrupa’n\u0131n \u0130ran’\u0131n n\u00fckleer meselesindeki konumunu ortadan kald\u0131raca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtiyor.<\/p>\n
\n\t\u0130ran taraf\u0131, Avrupa’n\u0131n ABD’nin etkisinde kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve m\u00fczakerelerde sunduklar\u0131 \u00f6nerilere kay\u0131ts\u0131z kald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 savundu. \u0130ran Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Mesud Peze\u015fkiyan, son yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada, “Avrupal\u0131larla yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde, \u0130ran’\u0131n Uluslararas\u0131 Atom Enerjisi Ajans\u0131 ile i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapmaya ve n\u00fckleer faaliyetleri konusunda \u015feffafl\u0131k sa\u011flamaya haz\u0131r oldu\u011funu vurgulad\u0131k. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k ABD, s\u00fcrekli farkl\u0131 bahaneler uydurarak bir anla\u015fman\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Ger\u00e7ek \u015fu ki ABD g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u0130ran’a tahamm\u00fcl edemiyor ve \u00fclkemizi giderek zay\u0131flatmak istiyor.” ifadelerini kulland\u0131.<\/p>\n
\n\tGeri d\u00f6nen yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar ve etkileri<\/h2>\n
\n\tMekanizman\u0131n devreye girmesiyle, 2006-2010 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u0130ran\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan 1696, 1737, 1747, 1803, 1835 ve 1929 say\u0131l\u0131 BMGK kararlar\u0131 yeniden ge\u00e7erlilik kazand\u0131. Bunlar aras\u0131nda: Silah ambargosu: 2020\u2019de s\u00fcresi dolan ambargo, \u0130ran\u2019a konvansiyonel silah sevkiyat\u0131n\u0131 yeniden yasakl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
\n\tN\u00fckleer ve f\u00fcze k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131: Uranyum zenginle\u015ftirme, a\u011f\u0131r su<\/a> ve yeniden i\u015fleme faaliyetleri ask\u0131ya al\u0131n\u0131yor; n\u00fckleer ba\u015fl\u0131k ta\u015f\u0131yabilecek balistik f\u00fcze<\/a> geli\u015ftirme ve f\u0131rlatma yasaklan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
\n\tMali<\/a> ve seyahat yasaklar\u0131: Y\u00fczlerce ki\u015fi ve kurulu\u015fa y\u00f6nelik varl\u0131k dondurma ve seyahat k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131 geri d\u00f6n\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n
\n\tDeniz ticareti denetimi: 1929 say\u0131l\u0131 karar kapsam\u0131nda, BM \u00fcyesi \u00fclkelere \u0130ran\u2019a ve \u0130ran\u2019dan yap\u0131lan sevkiyatlar\u0131 denetleme ve el koyma yetkisi veriliyor. Bu da \u0130ran gemilerine m\u00fcdahaleleri m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
\n\tYapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n devreye girmesi piyasay\u0131 sarst\u0131<\/h2>\n
\n\tBM yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n devreye girmesi sonras\u0131 \u0130ran t\u00fcmeni rekor d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck seviyeye geriledi ve zaten k\u00f6t\u00fc olan ekonomide s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n derinle\u015fece\u011fi endi\u015fesi artt\u0131.<\/p>\n
\n\t\u0130ngiltere, Fransa ve Almanya’n\u0131n ABD’nin tek tarafl\u0131 \u00e7ekilmesinden sonra uygulanmayan 2015’teki n\u00fckleer anla\u015fmada yer verilen ve “snapback” olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan, \u0130ran’a anla\u015fmay\u0131 ihlal etti\u011fi gerek\u00e7esiyle BM yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 yeniden getirme imkan\u0131na sahip mekanizmay\u0131 28 A\u011fustos’ta i\u015fletme karar\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
\n\tBunun ard\u0131ndaki yakla\u015f\u0131k bir ayl\u0131k s\u00fcre\u00e7te d\u00f6viz ve alt\u0131n<\/a> kurlar\u0131nda ciddi y\u00fckseli\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. \u0130ran’da a\u011fustos boyunca dolar<\/a> kuru 93 bin t\u00fcmen seviyelerindeydi. \u00dclkede serbest d\u00f6viz piyasas\u0131n\u0131 izleyen “pashizi.com”a g\u00f6re, serbest piyasada dolar\u0131n sat\u0131\u015f kuru bug\u00fcn 110 bin t\u00fcmene ula\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
\n\tBM yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Meclis, bu sabah kapal\u0131 oturum d\u00fczenledi. A\u00e7\u0131klamada, \u0130ranl\u0131 vatanda\u015flar\u0131n ge\u00e7im zorluklar\u0131n\u0131n ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bildirildi. Meclis Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Muhammed Bak\u0131r Kalibaf, oturumda “\u00f6nemli kararlar al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131” s\u00f6yledi ancak ayr\u0131nt\u0131 vermedi.<\/p>\n
\n\tD\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Abbas Erak\u00e7i ise BM yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n geri getirilmesi halinde g\u00f6recekleri ekonomik zarar\u0131n abart\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunarak, “Bunun ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi durumunda bize hi\u00e7bir zarar veya hasar vermeyece\u011fini s\u00f6ylemiyorum. \u00d6zellikle ekonomik alanda, miktar\u0131 az da olsa bir miktar zarar verebilir.” dedi.<\/p>\n
\n\t\u0130ran\u2019\u0131n tepkisi ve muhtemel ad\u0131mlar<\/h2>\n
\n\t\u0130ran D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 \u201chukuksuz, temelsiz ve provokatif\u201d olarak nitelendirdi.<\/p>\n
\n\t\u0130ranl\u0131 yetkililer, Uluslararas\u0131 Atom Enerjisi Ajans\u0131 (UAEA) ile 9 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019de imzalanan i\u015fbirli\u011fi anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n da ge\u00e7ersiz hale geldi\u011fini belirtiyor. \u0130ran Meclisi de BM yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n devreye girmesi halinde \u00fclkeyi N\u00fckleer Silahlar\u0131n Yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00d6nlenmesi Anla\u015fmas\u0131’ndan (NPT) \u00e7ekecek bir karar haz\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyurdu.<\/p>\n